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Grade 8 > Language
Conventions of Standard English
L.8.1
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
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Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.
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Form and use verbs in the active and passive voice.
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Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood.
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Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.
L.8.2
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
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Use punctuation (comma, ellipsis, dash) to indicate a pause or break.
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Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission.
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Spell correctly.
Knowledge of Language
L.8.3
Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
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Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action; expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact).
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
L.8.4
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
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Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
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Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).
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Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
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Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
L.8.5
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
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Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal irony, puns) in context.
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Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.
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Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute).
L.8.6
Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
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